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	<meta name="description" content="集合,简介,创建集合,可用的方法,简介,Illuminate\Support\Collection 类提供一个流畅、便利的封装来操控数组数据。如下面的示例代码，我们用 collect 函数从数组中创建新的集合实例，对每一个元素运行 strtoupper 函...
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	<article>

		<div class="alert alert-warning" role="alert">
			一小时同步一次，更多信息请查阅 <a href="https://laravel-china.org/topics/2095">文档导读</a>。
			发现瑕疵？你也可以
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			。
		</div>

		<div class="main-content">
			<h1>集合</h1>
<ul>
<li><a href="collections.html#introduction">简介</a></li>
<li><a href="collections.html#creating-collections">创建集合</a></li>
<li><a href="collections.html#available-methods">可用的方法</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a name="introduction"></a></p>
<h2>简介</h2>
<p><code>Illuminate\Support\Collection</code> 类提供一个流畅、便利的封装来操控数组数据。如下面的示例代码，我们用 <code>collect</code> 函数从数组中创建新的集合实例，对每一个元素运行 <code>strtoupper</code> 函数，然后移除所有的空元素：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['taylor', 'abigail', null])-&gt;map(function ($name) {
    return strtoupper($name);
})
-&gt;reject(function ($name) {
    return empty($name);
});</code></pre>
<p>如你所见，<code>Collection</code> 类支持链式调用，一般来说，每一个 <code>Collection</code> 方法会返回一个全新的 <code>Collection</code> 实例，你可以放心地进行链接调用。</p>
<p><a name="creating-collections"></a></p>
<h2>创建集合</h2>
<p>如上所述，<code>collect</code> 辅助函数会利用传入的数组生成一个新的 <code>Illuminate\Support\Collection</code> 实例。所以要创建一个集合就这么简单：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);</code></pre>
<p>默认 <a href="eloquent.html">Eloquent</a> 模型的集合总是以 <code>Collection</code> 实例返回；然而，你可以随意的在你应用程序中使用 <code>Collection</code> 类。</p>
<p><a name="available-methods"></a></p>
<h2>可用的方法</h2>
<p>在这份文档剩余的部份，我们将会探讨 <code>Collection</code> 类的所有方法。要记得的是，所有方法都支持链式调用，几乎所有的方法都会返回新的 <code>Collection</code> 实例，让你保留原版的集合以备不时之需。</p>
<p>你可以从这张数据库表中选择任一方法看使用例子：</p>
<style>
    #collection-method-list > p {
        column-count: 3; -moz-column-count: 3; -webkit-column-count: 3;
        column-gap: 2em; -moz-column-gap: 2em; -webkit-column-gap: 2em;
    }

    #collection-method-list a {
        display: block;
    }
</style>
<div id="collection-method-list">
<p><a href="collections.html#method-all">all</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-avg">avg</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-chunk">chunk</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-collapse">collapse</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-contains">contains</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-count">count</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-diff">diff</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-each">each</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-every">every</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-except">except</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-filter">filter</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-first">first</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-flatten">flatten</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-flip">flip</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-forget">forget</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-forpage">forPage</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-get">get</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-groupby">groupBy</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-has">has</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-implode">implode</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-intersect">intersect</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-isempty">isEmpty</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-keyby">keyBy</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-keys">keys</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-last">last</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-map">map</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-max">max</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-merge">merge</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-min">min</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-only">only</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-pluck">pluck</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-pop">pop</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-prepend">prepend</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-pull">pull</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-push">push</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-put">put</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-random">random</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-reduce">reduce</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-reject">reject</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-reverse">reverse</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-search">search</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-shift">shift</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-shuffle">shuffle</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-slice">slice</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-sort">sort</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-sortby">sortBy</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-sortbydesc">sortByDesc</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-splice">splice</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-sum">sum</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-take">take</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-toarray">toArray</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-tojson">toJson</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-transform">transform</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-unique">unique</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-values">values</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-where">where</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-whereloose">whereLoose</a>
<a href="collections.html#method-zip">zip</a></p>
</div>
<p><a name="method-listing"></a></p>
<h2>方法清单</h2>
<style>
    #collection-method code {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    #collection-method:not(.first-collection-method) {
        margin-top: 50px;
    }
</style>
<p><a name="method-all"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method" class="first-collection-method"><code>all()</code></h4>
<p>返回该集合所代表的底层 <code>数组</code>：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3])-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-avg"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>avg()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合中所有项目的平均值：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])-&gt;avg();

// 3</code></pre>
<p>如果集合包含了嵌套数组或对象，你可以通过传递「键」来指定使用哪些值计算平均值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'JavaScript: The Good Parts', 'pages' =&gt; 176],
    ['name' =&gt; 'JavaScript: The Definitive Guide', 'pages' =&gt; 1096],
]);

$collection-&gt;avg('pages');

// 636</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-chunk"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>chunk()</code></h4>
<p>将集合拆成多个指定大小的较小集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);

$chunks = $collection-&gt;chunk(4);

$chunks-&gt;toArray();

// [[1, 2, 3, 4], [5, 6, 7]]</code></pre>
<p>这个方法在适用于网格系统如 <a href="http://getbootstrap.com/css/#grid">Bootstrap</a> 的 <a href="views.html">视图</a> 。想像你有一个 <a href="eloquent.html">Eloquent</a> 模型的集合要显示在一个网格内：</p>
<pre><code>@foreach ($products-&gt;chunk(3) as $chunk)
    &lt;div class="row"&gt;
        @foreach ($chunk as $product)
            &lt;div class="col-xs-4"&gt;{{ $product-&gt;name }}&lt;/div&gt;
        @endforeach
    &lt;/div&gt;
@endforeach</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-collapse"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>collapse()</code></h4>
<p>将多个数组组成的集合合成单个数组集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]);

$collapsed = $collection-&gt;collapse();

$collapsed-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-contains"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>contains()</code></h4>
<p>判断集合是否含有指定项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 100]);

$collection-&gt;contains('Desk');

// true

$collection-&gt;contains('New York');

// false</code></pre>
<p>你可以将一对键/值传入 <code>contains</code> 方法，用来判断该组合是否存在于集合内：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ['product' =&gt; 'Chair', 'price' =&gt; 100],
]);

$collection-&gt;contains('product', 'Bookcase');

// false</code></pre>
<p>最后，你也可以传入一个回调函数到 <code>contains</code> 方法内运行你自己的判断语句：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;contains(function ($key, $value) {
    return $value &gt; 5;
});

// false</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-count"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>count()</code></h4>
<p>返回该集合内的项目总数：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);

$collection-&gt;count();

// 4</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-diff"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>diff()</code></h4>
<p>将集合与其它集合或纯 PHP <code>数组</code>进行比较：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$diff = $collection-&gt;diff([2, 4, 6, 8]);

$diff-&gt;all();

// [1, 3, 5]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-each"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>each()</code></h4>
<p>遍历集合中的项目，并将之传入回调函数：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = $collection-&gt;each(function ($item, $key) {
    //
});</code></pre>
<p>回调函数返回 <code>false</code> 以中断循环：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = $collection-&gt;each(function ($item, $key) {
    if (/* some condition */) {
        return false;
    }
});</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-every"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>every()</code></h4>
<p>创建一个包含每 <strong>第 n 个</strong> 元素的新集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']);

$collection-&gt;every(4);

// ['a', 'e']</code></pre>
<p>你可以选择性的传递偏移值作为第二个参数：</p>
<pre><code>$collection-&gt;every(4, 1);

// ['b', 'f']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-except"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>except()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合中除了指定键的所有项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 100, 'discount' =&gt; false]);

$filtered = $collection-&gt;except(['price', 'discount']);

$filtered-&gt;all();

// ['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk']</code></pre>
<p>与 <code>except</code> 相反的方法请查看 <a href="collections.html#method-only">only</a>。</p>
<p><a name="method-filter"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>filter()</code></h4>
<p>使用回调函数筛选集合，只留下那些通过判断测试的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);

$filtered = $collection-&gt;filter(function ($item) {
    return $item &gt; 2;
});

$filtered-&gt;all();

// [3, 4]</code></pre>
<p>与 <code>filter</code> 相反的方法可以查看 <a href="collections.html#method-reject">reject</a>。</p>
<p><a name="method-first"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>first()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合第一个通过指定测试的元素：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4])-&gt;first(function ($key, $value) {
    return $value &gt; 2;
});

// 3</code></pre>
<p>你也可以不传入参数使用 <code>first</code> 方法以获取集合中第一个元素。如果集合是空的，则会返回 <code>null</code>：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4])-&gt;first();

// 1</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-flatten"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>flatten()</code></h4>
<p>将多维集合转为一维集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'taylor', 'languages' =&gt; ['php', 'javascript']]);

$flattened = $collection-&gt;flatten();

$flattened-&gt;all();

// ['taylor', 'php', 'javascript'];</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-flip"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>flip()</code></h4>
<p>将集合中的键和对应的数值进行互换：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'taylor', 'framework' =&gt; 'laravel']);

$flipped = $collection-&gt;flip();

$flipped-&gt;all();

// ['taylor' =&gt; 'name', 'laravel' =&gt; 'framework']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-forget"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>forget()</code></h4>
<p>通过集合的键来移除掉集合中的一个项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'taylor', 'framework' =&gt; 'laravel']);

$collection-&gt;forget('name');

$collection-&gt;all();

// [framework' =&gt; 'laravel']</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>与大多数其它集合的方法不同，<code>forget</code> 不会返回修改过后的新集合；它会直接修改调用它的集合。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="method-forpage"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>forPage()</code></h4>
<p>返回可用来在指定页码显示项目的新集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;forPage(2, 3);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [4, 5, 6]</code></pre>
<p>这个方法需要「页码」和「每页显示数量」。</p>
<p><a name="method-get"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>get()</code></h4>
<p>返回指定键的项目。如果该键不存在，则返回 <code>null</code>：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'taylor', 'framework' =&gt; 'laravel']);

$value = $collection-&gt;get('name');

// taylor</code></pre>
<p>你可以选择性地传入一个默认值作为第二个参数：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'taylor', 'framework' =&gt; 'laravel']);

$value = $collection-&gt;get('foo', 'default-value');

// default-value</code></pre>
<p>你甚至可以传入回调函数当默认值。如果指定的键不存在，就会返回回调函数的运行结果：</p>
<pre><code>$collection-&gt;get('email', function () {
    return 'default-value';
});

// default-value</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-groupby"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>groupBy()</code></h4>
<p>根据指定的「键」为集合内的项目分组：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Chair'],
    ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Bookcase'],
    ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x11', 'product' =&gt; 'Desk'],
]);

$grouped = $collection-&gt;groupBy('account_id');

$grouped-&gt;toArray();

/*
    [
        'account-x10' =&gt; [
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Chair'],
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Bookcase'],
        ],
        'account-x11' =&gt; [
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x11', 'product' =&gt; 'Desk'],
        ],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p>除了传入字符串的「键」之外，你也可以传入回调函数。该函数应该返回你希望用来分组的键的值。</p>
<pre><code>$grouped = $collection-&gt;groupBy(function ($item, $key) {
    return substr($item['account_id'], -3);
});

$grouped-&gt;toArray();

/*
    [
        'x10' =&gt; [
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Chair'],
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x10', 'product' =&gt; 'Bookcase'],
        ],
        'x11' =&gt; [
            ['account_id' =&gt; 'account-x11', 'product' =&gt; 'Desk'],
        ],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-has"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>has()</code></h4>
<p>检查集合中是否含有指定的「键」：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['account_id' =&gt; 1, 'product' =&gt; 'Desk']);

$collection-&gt;has('email');

// false</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-implode"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>implode()</code></h4>
<p><code>implode</code> 方法合并集合中的项目。它的参数依集合中的项目类型而定。</p>
<p>假如集合含有数组或对象，你应该传入你希望连接的属性的「键」，以及你希望放在数值之间的拼接字符串：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['account_id' =&gt; 1, 'product' =&gt; 'Desk'],
    ['account_id' =&gt; 2, 'product' =&gt; 'Chair'],
]);

$collection-&gt;implode('product', ', ');

// Desk, Chair</code></pre>
<p>假如集合只含有简单的字符串或数字，则只需要传入拼接的字符串作为该方法的唯一参数即可：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])-&gt;implode('-');

// '1-2-3-4-5'</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-intersect"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>intersect()</code></h4>
<p>移除任何指定 <code>数组</code> 或集合内所没有的数值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['Desk', 'Sofa', 'Chair']);

$intersect = $collection-&gt;intersect(['Desk', 'Chair', 'Bookcase']);

$intersect-&gt;all();

// [0 =&gt; 'Desk', 2 =&gt; 'Chair']</code></pre>
<p>相当于去「交集」。</p>
<p><a name="method-isempty"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>isEmpty()</code></h4>
<p>如果集合是空的，<code>isEmpty</code> 方法会返回 <code>true</code>：否则返回 <code>false</code>：</p>
<pre><code>collect([])-&gt;isEmpty();

// true</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-keyby"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>keyBy()</code></h4>
<p>以指定键的值作为集合项目的键：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'desk'],
    ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-200', 'name' =&gt; 'chair'],
]);

$keyed = $collection-&gt;keyBy('product_id');

$keyed-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        'prod-100' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'Desk'],
        'prod-200' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-200', 'name' =&gt; 'Chair'],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p>如果多个项目有同样的键，只有最后一个会出现在新的集合内。</p>
<p>你也可以传入自己的回调函数，该函数应该返回集合的键的值：</p>
<pre><code>$keyed = $collection-&gt;keyBy(function ($item) {
    return strtoupper($item['product_id']);
});

$keyed-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        'PROD-100' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'Desk'],
        'PROD-200' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-200', 'name' =&gt; 'Chair'],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-keys"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>keys()</code></h4>
<p>返回该集合所有的键：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    'prod-100' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'Desk'],
    'prod-200' =&gt; ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-200', 'name' =&gt; 'Chair'],
]);

$keys = $collection-&gt;keys();

$keys-&gt;all();

// ['prod-100', 'prod-200']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-last"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>last()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合中，最后一个通过指定测试的元素：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4])-&gt;last(function ($key, $value) {
    return $value &lt; 3;
});

// 2</code></pre>
<p>你也可以不传入参数使用 <code>last</code> 方法以获取集合中最后一个元素。如果集合是空的，则会返回 <code>null</code>：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4])-&gt;last();

// 4</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-map"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>map()</code></h4>
<p>遍历整个集合并将每一个数值传入回调函数。回调函数可以任意修改并返回项目，形成修改过的项目组成的新集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$multiplied = $collection-&gt;map(function ($item, $key) {
    return $item * 2;
});

$multiplied-&gt;all();

// [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>正如集合大多数其它的方法一样，<code>map</code> 返回一个新集合实例；它并没有修改被调用的集合。假如你想改变原始的集合，得使用 <a href="collections.html#method-transform"><code>transform</code></a> 方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="method-max"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>max()</code></h4>
<p>计算指定键的最大值：</p>
<pre><code>$max = collect([['foo' =&gt; 10], ['foo' =&gt; 20]])-&gt;max('foo');

// 20

$max = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])-&gt;max();

// 5</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-merge"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>merge()</code></h4>
<p>合并数组进集合。数组「键」对应的数值会覆盖集合「键」对应的数值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk']);

$merged = $collection-&gt;merge(['price' =&gt; 100, 'discount' =&gt; false]);

$merged-&gt;all();

// ['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 100, 'discount' =&gt; false]</code></pre>
<p>如果指定数组的「键」为数字，则「值」将会合并到集合的后面：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['Desk', 'Chair']);

$merged = $collection-&gt;merge(['Bookcase', 'Door']);

$merged-&gt;all();

// ['Desk', 'Chair', 'Bookcase', 'Door']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-min"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>min()</code></h4>
<p>计算指定「键」的最小值：</p>
<pre><code>$min = collect([['foo' =&gt; 10], ['foo' =&gt; 20]])-&gt;min('foo');

// 10

$min = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])-&gt;min();

// 1</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-only"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>only()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合中指定键的所有项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 100, 'discount' =&gt; false]);

$filtered = $collection-&gt;only(['product_id', 'name']);

$filtered-&gt;all();

// ['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk']</code></pre>
<p>与 <code>only</code> 相反的方法请查看 <a href="collections.html#method-only">except</a>。</p>
<p><a name="method-pluck"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>pluck()</code></h4>
<p>获取所有集合中指定「键」对应的值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'Desk'],
    ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-200', 'name' =&gt; 'Chair'],
]);

$plucked = $collection-&gt;pluck('name');

$plucked-&gt;all();

// ['Desk', 'Chair']</code></pre>
<p>你也可以指定要怎么给最后出来的集合分配键：</p>
<pre><code>$plucked = $collection-&gt;pluck('name', 'product_id');

$plucked-&gt;all();

// ['prod-100' =&gt; 'Desk', 'prod-200' =&gt; 'Chair']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-pop"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>pop()</code></h4>
<p>移除并返回集合最后一个项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;pop();

// 5

$collection-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3, 4]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-prepend"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>prepend()</code></h4>
<p>在集合前面增加一个项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;prepend(0);

$collection-&gt;all();

// [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p>你可以传递选择性的第二个参数来设置前置项目的键：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['one' =&gt; 1, 'two', =&gt; 2]);

$collection-&gt;prepend(0, 'zero');

$collection-&gt;all();

// ['zero' =&gt; 0, 'one' =&gt; 1, 'two', =&gt; 2]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-pull"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>pull()</code></h4>
<p>把「键」对应的值从集合中移除并返回：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100', 'name' =&gt; 'Desk']);

$collection-&gt;pull('name');

// 'Desk'

$collection-&gt;all();

// ['product_id' =&gt; 'prod-100']</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-push"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>push()</code></h4>
<p>在集合的后面新添加一个元素：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);

$collection-&gt;push(5);

$collection-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-put"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>put()</code></h4>
<p>在集合内设置一个「键/值」：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk']);

$collection-&gt;put('price', 100);

$collection-&gt;all();

// ['product_id' =&gt; 1, 'name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 100]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-random"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>random()</code></h4>
<p><code>random</code> 方法从集合中随机返回一个项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;random();

// 4 - (随机返回)</code></pre>
<p>你可以选择性地传入一个整数到 <code>random</code>。如果该整数大于 <code>1</code>，则会返回一个集合：</p>
<pre><code>$random = $collection-&gt;random(3);

$random-&gt;all();

// [2, 4, 5] - (随机返回)</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-reduce"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>reduce()</code></h4>
<p><code>reduce</code> 方法将集合缩减到单个数值，该方法会将每次迭代的结果传入到下一次迭代：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3]);

$total = $collection-&gt;reduce(function ($carry, $item) {
    return $carry + $item;
});

// 6</code></pre>
<p>第一次迭代时 <code>$carry</code> 的数值为 <code>null</code>；然而你也可以传入第二个参数进 <code>reduce</code> 以指定它的初始值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection-&gt;reduce(function ($carry, $item) {
    return $carry + $item;
}, 4);

// 10</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-reject"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>reject()</code></h4>
<p><code>reject</code> 方法以指定的回调函数筛选集合。该回调函数应该对希望从最终集合移除掉的项目返回 <code>true</code>：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4]);

$filtered = $collection-&gt;reject(function ($item) {
    return $item &gt; 2;
});

$filtered-&gt;all();

// [1, 2]</code></pre>
<p>与 <code>reject</code> 相反的方法可以查看 <a href="collections.html#method-filter"><code>filter</code></a> 方法。</p>
<p><a name="method-reverse"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>reverse()</code></h4>
<p><code>reverse</code> 方法倒转集合内项目的顺序：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$reversed = $collection-&gt;reverse();

$reversed-&gt;all();

// [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-search"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>search()</code></h4>
<p><code>search</code> 方法在集合内搜索指定的数值并返回找到的键。假如找不到项目，则返回 <code>false</code>：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([2, 4, 6, 8]);

$collection-&gt;search(4);

// 1</code></pre>
<p>搜索是用「宽松」比对来进行。要使用严格比对，就传入 <code>true</code> 为该方法的第二个参数：</p>
<pre><code>$collection-&gt;search('4', true);

// false</code></pre>
<p>另外，你可以传入你自己的回调函数来搜索第一个通过你判断测试的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection-&gt;search(function ($item, $key) {
    return $item &gt; 5;
});

// 2</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-shift"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>shift()</code></h4>
<p><code>shift</code> 方法移除并返回集合的第一个项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;shift();

// 1

$collection-&gt;all();

// [2, 3, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-shuffle"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>shuffle()</code></h4>
<p><code>shuffle</code> 方法随机排序集合的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$shuffled = $collection-&gt;shuffle();

$shuffled-&gt;all();

// [3, 2, 5, 1, 4] // (generated randomly)</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-slice"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>slice()</code></h4>
<p><code>slice</code> 方法返回集合从指定索引开始的一部分切片：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]);

$slice = $collection-&gt;slice(4);

$slice-&gt;all();

// [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]</code></pre>
<p>如果你想限制返回切片的大小，就传入想要的大小为方法的第二个参数：</p>
<pre><code>$slice = $collection-&gt;slice(4, 2);

$slice-&gt;all();

// [5, 6]</code></pre>
<p>返回的切片将会有以数字索引的新键。假如你希望保留原始的键，传入 <code>true</code> 为方法的第三个参数。</p>
<p><a name="method-sort"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>sort()</code></h4>
<p>对集合排序：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([5, 3, 1, 2, 4]);

$sorted = $collection-&gt;sort();

$sorted-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p>排序过的集合保有原来的数组键。在这个例子中我们用了 <a href="collections.html#method-values"><code>values</code></a> 方法重设键为连续的数字索引。</p>
<p>要排序内含数组或对象的集合，见 <a href="collections.html#method-sortby"><code>sortBy</code></a> 和 <a href="collections.html#method-sortbydesc"><code>sortByDesc</code></a> 方法。</p>
<p>假如你需要更高级的排序，你可以传入回调函数以你自己的算法进行<code>排序</code>。参考 PHP 文档的 <a href="http://php.net/manual/en/function.usort.php#refsect1-function.usort-parameters"><code>usort</code></a>，这是集合的 <code>sort</code> 方法在背后所调用的函数。</p>
<p><a name="method-sortby"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>sortBy()</code></h4>
<p>以指定的键排序集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Chair', 'price' =&gt; 100],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'price' =&gt; 150],
]);

$sorted = $collection-&gt;sortBy('price');

$sorted-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        ['name' =&gt; 'Chair', 'price' =&gt; 100],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'price' =&gt; 150],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p>排序过的集合保有原来的数组键。在这个例子中我们用了 <a href="collections.html#method-values"><code>values</code></a> 方法重设键为连续的数字索引。</p>
<p>你也可以传入自己的回调函数以决定如何排序集合数值：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Chair', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black']],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'colors' =&gt; ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
]);

$sorted = $collection-&gt;sortBy(function ($product, $key) {
    return count($product['colors']);
});

$sorted-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        ['name' =&gt; 'Chair', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black']],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'colors' =&gt; ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-sortbydesc"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>sortByDesc()</code></h4>
<p>与 <a href="collections.html#method-sortby"><code>sortBy</code></a> 有着一样的形式，但是会以相反的顺序来排序集合：</p>
<p><a name="method-splice"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>splice()</code></h4>
<p>返回从指定的索引开始的一小切片项目，原本集合也会被切除：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;splice(2);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [3, 4, 5]

$collection-&gt;all();

// [1, 2]</code></pre>
<p>你可以传入第二个参数以限制大小：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;splice(2, 1);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [3]

$collection-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p>此外，你可以传入含有新项目的第三个参数以取代集合中被移除的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;splice(2, 1, [10, 11]);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [3]

$collection-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 10, 11, 4, 5]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-sum"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>sum()</code></h4>
<p>返回集合内所有项目的总和：</p>
<pre><code>collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])-&gt;sum();

// 15</code></pre>
<p>如果集合包含数组或对象，你应该传入一个「键」来指定要用哪些数值来计算总合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'JavaScript: The Good Parts', 'pages' =&gt; 176],
    ['name' =&gt; 'JavaScript: The Definitive Guide', 'pages' =&gt; 1096],
]);

$collection-&gt;sum('pages');

// 1272</code></pre>
<p>此外，你可以传入自己的回调函数来决定要用哪些数值来计算总合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'Chair', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black']],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'colors' =&gt; ['Black', 'Mahogany']],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'colors' =&gt; ['Red', 'Beige', 'Brown']],
]);

$collection-&gt;sum(function ($product) {
    return count($product['colors']);
});

// 6</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-take"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>take()</code></h4>
<p>返回有着指定数量项目的集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;take(3);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [0, 1, 2]</code></pre>
<p>你也可以传入负整数以获取从集合后面来算指定数量的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$chunk = $collection-&gt;take(-2);

$chunk-&gt;all();

// [4, 5]</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-toarray"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>toArray()</code></h4>
<p>将集合转换成纯 PHP <code>数组</code>。假如集合的数值是 <a href="eloquent.html">Eloquent</a> 模型，也会被转换成数组：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200]);

$collection-&gt;toArray();

/*
    [
        ['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意：</strong><code>toArray</code> 也会转换所有内嵌的对象为数组。假如你希望获取原本的底层数组，改用 <a href="collections.html#method-all"><code>all</code></a> 方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="method-tojson"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>toJson()</code></h4>
<p>将集合转换成 JSON：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['name' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200]);

$collection-&gt;toJson();

// '{"name":"Desk","price":200}'</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-transform"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>transform()</code></h4>
<p>遍历集合并对集合内每一个项目调用指定的回调函数。集合的项目将会被回调函数返回的数值取代掉：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);

$collection-&gt;transform(function ($item, $key) {
    return $item * 2;
});

$collection-&gt;all();

// [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]</code></pre>
<blockquote>
<p><strong>注意：</strong>与大多数其它集合的方法不同，<code>transform</code> 会修改集合本身。如果你希望创建新集合，就改用 <a href="collections.html#method-map"><code>map</code></a> 方法。</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a name="method-unique"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>unique()</code></h4>
<p><code>unique</code> 方法返回集合中所有唯一的项目：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 2]);

$unique = $collection-&gt;unique();

$unique-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

// [1, 2, 3, 4]</code></pre>
<p>排序过的集合保有原来的数组键。在这个例子中我们用了 <a href="collections.html#method-values"><code>values</code></a> 方法重设键为连续的数字索引。</p>
<p>当处理内嵌的数组或对象，你可以指定用来决定唯一性的键：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['name' =&gt; 'iPhone 6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
    ['name' =&gt; 'iPhone 5', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Apple Watch', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'watch'],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Samsung', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
    ['name' =&gt; 'Galaxy Gear', 'brand' =&gt; 'Samsung', 'type' =&gt; 'watch'],
]);

$unique = $collection-&gt;unique('brand');

$unique-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        ['name' =&gt; 'iPhone 6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Samsung', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p>你可以传入自己的回调函数来决定项目的唯一性：</p>
<pre><code>$unique = $collection-&gt;unique(function ($item) {
    return $item['brand'].$item['type'];
});

$unique-&gt;values()-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        ['name' =&gt; 'iPhone 6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Apple Watch', 'brand' =&gt; 'Apple', 'type' =&gt; 'watch'],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Galaxy S6', 'brand' =&gt; 'Samsung', 'type' =&gt; 'phone'],
        ['name' =&gt; 'Galaxy Gear', 'brand' =&gt; 'Samsung', 'type' =&gt; 'watch'],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-values"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>values()</code></h4>
<p>返回「键」重新被设为「连续整数」的新集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    10 =&gt; ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    11 =&gt; ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200]
]);

$values = $collection-&gt;values();

$values-&gt;all();

/*
    [
        0 =&gt; ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
        1 =&gt; ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ]
*/</code></pre>
<p><a name="method-where"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>where()</code></h4>
<p>以一对指定的「键／数值」筛选集合：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect([
    ['product' =&gt; 'Desk', 'price' =&gt; 200],
    ['product' =&gt; 'Chair', 'price' =&gt; 100],
    ['product' =&gt; 'Bookcase', 'price' =&gt; 150],
    ['product' =&gt; 'Door', 'price' =&gt; 100],
]);

$filtered = $collection-&gt;where('price', 100);

$filtered-&gt;all();

/*
[
    ['product' =&gt; 'Chair', 'price' =&gt; 100],
    ['product' =&gt; 'Door', 'price' =&gt; 100],
]
*/</code></pre>
<p>以严格比对检查数值。使用 <a href="collections.html#where-loose"><code>whereLoose</code></a> 方法以宽松比对进行筛选。</p>
<p><a name="method-whereloose"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>whereLoose()</code></h4>
<p>这个方法与 <a href="collections.html#method-where"><code>where</code></a> 方法有着一样的形式；但是会以「宽松」比对来比对数值：</p>
<p><a name="method-zip"></a></p>
<h4 id="collection-method"><code>zip()</code></h4>
<p><code>zip</code> 方法将集合与指定数组同样索引的值合并在一起：</p>
<pre><code>$collection = collect(['Chair', 'Desk']);

$zipped = $collection-&gt;zip([100, 200]);

$zipped-&gt;all();

// [['Chair', 100], ['Desk', 200]]</code></pre>
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